Your DNA: Pharmacogenomics & Depression

Citalopram:

Citalopram, available under brand names such as Celexa and Cipramil, is a widely prescribed antidepressant belonging to the class of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). These medications are primarily used to treat depression and are occasionally prescribed for other conditions such as anxiety due to their high efficacy and relatively favorable side effect profile.

SSRIs, including citalopram, act by increasing levels of serotonin in the brain - a neurotransmitter involved in feelings of well-being and happiness. This is achieved by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin into neurons, making more of it available in the synaptic space between neurons. As a result, they help relieve symptoms of depression and improve mood.

The effectiveness and safety of citalopram can be substantially different from person to person due to genetic differences in how the drug is metabolized. Pharmacogenetic testing has been used to identify variations in genes such as CYP2C19, which codes for an enzyme essential for the metabolism of citalopram. Patients with specific genetic mutations may metabolize citalopram too quickly or too slowly, affecting the drug's effectiveness and risk of side effects. 

Understanding these genetic factors can help individualize antidepressant treatment and optimize therapeutic outcomes as well as reduce side effects.

While citalopram is effective for many people, it is important to monitor closely, especially when starting treatment or adjusting doses. Patients should maintain open communication with their healthcare providers about their experience with the medication, including any side effects, to ensure that any necessary adjustments to the treatment plan can be made.