Your DNA: Predispositions & Parkinson's

Parkinson:

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurological disorder affecting primarily motor function as a result of the brain's reduced ability to produce dopamine, a major neurotransmitter. PD typically begins subtly, often on one side of the body, and progressively worsens until it affects both sides of the body. Symptoms include tremors, stiffness, and difficulty maintaining balance and coordination.

Although most cases of PD do not run in families, genetic factors play a significant role in about 5-10% of cases, with several major genes and genetic markers identified as contributors leading to the disease, such as LRRK2, SNCA, and PARK2. These genes are involved in multiple cellular functions, including dopamine regulation and protein recycling.

These findings are important for understanding both familial and sporadic forms of Parkinson's disease. In addition, environmental factors, such as exposure to certain chemicals, may influence the onset of PD, underlining the interaction between genetics and environment in its pathogenesis.

The importance of genetic testing or screening in PD lies in its potential to reveal an individual's predisposition to the disease, allowing for earlier intervention and more individualized treatment strategies. This approach not only helps to more effectively manage symptoms, but also enhances our understanding of PD, opening new avenues for therapeutic innovation.