Your DNA: Microbiome & Periodontitis

Periodontitis:

Periodontitis, commonly referred to as gum disease, is a common bacterial infection that affects the tissues supporting the teeth and can eventually result in tooth loss. According to the WHO, periodontitis affects approximately 14% of adults worldwide, which is more than one billion people. Although the main contributors are poor oral hygiene and smoking, genetics, nutritional deficiencies (such as vitamin C deficiency), diabetes and hormonal changes also have a significant part to play.

Not only that, but recent studies have also shown a connection between periodontitis and systemic diseases such as atherosclerosis, primarily due to the pro-inflammatory environment it creates in the body. This inflammation can have broader consequences, affecting overall health beyond the mouth.

On the bacterial end, the bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis has been found to play a major role in periodontal disease pathogenesis by altering the immune response. Nevertheless, alterations in the overall balance of the oral microbiota are also important, implying that multiple microbial factors are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Effective management and prevention of periodontitis requires attention to maintaining oral health and addressing these broader microbiological and systemic implications.