Your DNA: Predispositions & Age Related Macular Degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration:

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in the elderly, particularly those over the age of 60. This condition impacts central vision, which is key to seeing objects clearly and carrying out activities such as reading and driving. AMD affects the macula, which is the part of the eye responsible for sharp, detailed vision, resulting in cell deterioration.

There are two forms of AMD: wet and dry. 

Wet AMD is the result of abnormal blood vessels under the macula leaking blood and fluid, leading to rapid vision loss with symptoms such as blurred vision. 

Dry AMD is a more slowly progressing disease involving the destruction of light-sensitive cells in the macula, with a typical early symptom being distorted straight lines.

Recent studies have shown that there is a substantial genetic component to the risk of eventually developing AMD. Specific genetic mutations can affect an individual's predisposition to both forms of AMD, highlighting the importance of genetic screening for early diagnosis and potential prevention strategies. 

Some of the major genes include CFH, which is involved in the immune response, and ARMS2/HTRA1, which is associated with inflammation and retinal cell function. 

This genetic correlation helps explain much of the variability in the onset and course of AMD among individuals.